Q1. This question is about elements and the periodic table.
(a)     Newlands and Mendeleev both produced early versions of the periodic table.
(i)      Complete the sentence.
In their periodic tables, Newlands and Mendeleev arranged the elements in
order of __________________________ .
(1)
(ii)     Name the particle that allowed the elements to be arranged in order of their atomic number in the modern periodic table.
____________________________________
(1)
(b)     The diagram below shows the position of nine elements in the modern periodic table.
 
(i)      Which one of the nine elements shown in the diagram above has the lowest boiling point?
____________________________________
(1)
(ii)     Copper and potassium have different melting points and boiling points.
Give one other difference between the properties of copper and potassium.
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(1)

(iii)    Explain why the reactivity of the elements increases going down Group 1 from lithium to rubidium but decreases going down Group 7 from fluorine to iodine.
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Q2. The table shows the properties of four elements from Group VII of the Periodic Table.
 
(a)     Complete the spaces in the table.
(4)
(b)     Comment briefly on the trend in melting points for these four elements.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c)     Explain, in as much detail as you can:
(i)      why the reactions of these elements with hydrogen are similar.
______________________________________________________________
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(ii)     why their reactivity with hydrogen decreases from fluorine to iodine.
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 (4)
(Total 9 marks)

Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)     (i)      atomic weights
allow atomic masses
1
(ii)     proton
allow proton number
1
(b)     (i)      F/fluorine
allow F2
1
(ii)     any one from:
•        copper has a higher density
•        copper is stronger
•        copper is harder
•        copper is less reactive
allow named property
ignore colour, conductivity, melting point and boiling point
allow converse for potassium
1
(iii)    relative distance from nucleus
allow more / fewer energy levels / shells or larger / smaller atom
1
relative attraction to nucleus
allow more / less shielding
1
relative ease of gain or loss of electron
1
opposite explanation of ease of gain or loss of electron for other group
1
max 3 marks if ‘outer’ not mentioned
[8]
Q2.
(a)     (i)      9
(ii)     2.8.7 gas
(iii)     liquid
each for 1 mark
4
(b)     increase as go down the table/F → I/down group/
as more protons/as atoms get bigger
for 1 mark
1
(c)     (i)      reactions depend on taking/sharing electrons
same number of electrons in outer shell/highest energy level
(ii)     F → I electrons in a higher energy level/further from nucleus
so less easy to gain/hold electrons
each for 1 mark
4
[9]